I. First impression of PVC decorative film

In modern life, we often encounter PVC decorative film inadvertently. When you walk into a beautifully decorated restaurant, you may notice the seemingly wooden table, which feels real and has a fine texture, just like natural wood. But in fact, this is probably the masterpiece of PVC decorative film. It is cleverly pasted on the surface of ordinary boards, which makes the table look real and gives it a high-end texture. It is also easy to clean and wear-resistant, and can easily cope with frequent use and wiping in the restaurant. ​

For example, the old furniture in the house may have become mottled after years of baptism. At this time, a piece of PVC decorative film can play a magical role. Choose the color you like, such as retro walnut color and fresh oak grain, and carefully paste it on the surface of the furniture. In an instant, the old furniture will be completely renewed, as if it has been reborn, and become a unique landscape in the home space. ​

In commercial spaces, PVC decorative film also shows its prowess. In order to create a unique visual effect, some stores use PVC decorative film to create a metal or leather texture on their display racks. Not only is the cost significantly lower than that of real materials, but it is also easy to install and can quickly adapt to the needs of changing the store's decoration style.
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These common scenes in life are inseparable from the participation of PVC decorative film. So, what is this PVC decorative film that frequently appears in our lives but is often ignored by us? How does it work magic in various fields to achieve a transformation from ordinary to amazing? Next, let us explore the mystery of PVC decorative film in depth, unveil its mysterious veil, and fully understand its working principle, remarkable advantages, detailed operating guidelines, precautions that cannot be ignored, and daily maintenance and cleaning points.
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II. In-depth analysis of PVC decorative film

(I) Definition and essence

PVC decorative film, from a professional definition, is a thin film material made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the main raw material through a series of complex and sophisticated processing techniques. It is essentially a polyvinyl chloride film, which is endowed with rich and diverse decorative functions and characteristics through a specific process. Polyvinyl chloride, as a polymer compound, is polymerized by vinyl chloride monomer under the action of an initiator. It has good plasticity and formability, which lays the foundation for the diversified processing of PVC decorative film. ​

(II) Chemical composition disclosure ​

1. Polyvinyl chloride resin: As the core component of PVC decorative film, the content is usually around 40% - 70%. It determines the basic physical properties of the decorative film, such as hardness and flexibility. A high content of polyvinyl chloride resin can make the decorative film have good strength and stability, ensuring that it is not easy to deform or damage during use. For example, in some furniture surface decorations that need to be used for a long time and have high strength requirements, PVC decorative films with relatively high polyvinyl chloride resin content will be used. ​

2. Plasticizer: Generally accounts for 10% - 50%, which is a key component affecting the softness and flexibility of PVC decorative film. Its main function is to reduce the intermolecular forces of polyvinyl chloride resin, making the decorative film easier to process and give it a soft touch. Common plasticizers include phthalates, aliphatic dibasic acid esters, etc. When making PVC decorative films for floors, ceilings, etc. that require a certain degree of flexibility, the content of plasticizers will be appropriately increased to meet its bending, fitting and other usage requirements. However, the addition of plasticizers also has certain disadvantages, such as the possibility of gradual precipitation over time, affecting the performance and appearance of the decorative film, and may also cause certain pollution to the environment. ​

3. Stabilizer: The content is 1% - 10%, which is essential for improving the thermal stability and weather resistance of PVC decorative films. PVC resin is prone to degradation under conditions such as heat and light, resulting in decreased performance. Stabilizers can effectively inhibit this degradation process and extend the service life of decorative films. For example, lead salt stabilizers have good thermal stability, but due to their toxicity, they are gradually replaced by other environmentally friendly stabilizers in some applications with high environmental requirements, such as organic tin and calcium zinc stabilizers. ​

4. Lubricant: The addition amount is about 1% - 3%. The main function is to reduce the friction between the material and the equipment during the processing, making the processing smoother. It also helps to improve the surface quality of the decorative film and reduce surface defects. Commonly used lubricants include stearic acid, paraffin, etc. During the calendering or extrusion process of PVC decorative film, the lubricant can ensure that the material passes through the equipment evenly, avoiding problems such as jamming or local overheating, thereby ensuring the thickness uniformity and surface flatness of the decorative film. ​

5. Pigment: Accounting for 1% - 10%, it gives PVC decorative film rich colors and realistic texture effects. By accurately mixing different types and proportions of pigments, the appearance of various natural materials such as wood, stone, leather, etc. can be imitated. For example, in order to simulate the texture and color of oak, specific brown, yellow and other pigments are selected for mixing, and advanced printing or embossing processes are used to make the decorative film present a lifelike oak texture, meeting consumers' needs for different decorative styles. ​

(III) Detailed analysis of structural characteristics ​

1. Surface layer: It is usually composed of a special coating layer, which is thin but powerful. This layer mainly protects the middle layer and enhances the decorative effect. On the one hand, it has good wear resistance and can withstand friction and scratches in daily use, preventing the polyvinyl chloride resin in the middle layer from being damaged, thereby extending the service life of the decorative film. For example, the surface layer of the PVC decorative film used on the surface of furniture can resist the friction of tableware, clothing and other items, maintaining the integrity and beauty of the film surface. On the other hand, the surface layer is also resistant to stains, not easy to absorb dust, stains, etc., and is very easy to clean. Some specially treated surface layers also have a self-cleaning function. Just wipe it gently with a damp cloth to restore the surface of the decorative film to a clean and tidy state. In addition, the surface layer can also enhance the weather resistance of the decorative film by adding substances such as ultraviolet absorbers, so that it is not easy to fade and age under sunlight. ​

2. Middle layer: mainly composed of polyvinyl chloride resin and other additives, it is the main structure of the PVC decorative film and determines the basic performance of the film. As mentioned above, polyvinyl chloride resin gives the film a certain strength and flexibility, while additives such as plasticizers and stabilizers further optimize its performance. The thickness and composition ratio of this layer will be adjusted according to the specific use and performance requirements of the decorative film. For example, for PVC decorative films used for outdoor building decoration, the thickness of the middle layer will be relatively increased to improve its wind resistance, pressure resistance and other properties; at the same time, the content of stabilizers will be increased to enhance its stability in harsh environments. ​

3. Back coating: located on the back of the decorative film, the main component is adhesive. Its function is to enable the PVC decorative film to be firmly attached to the surface of various substrates, such as wood boards, metal plates, plastic boards, etc. High-quality back coating has good adhesion, which can ensure that the decorative film does not fall off or bubble during long-term use. Moreover, the water resistance and corrosion resistance of the back coating are also important to prevent the adhesive from failing in a humid or corrosive environment, causing the decorative film to separate from the substrate. In practical applications, different substrates need to choose a matching back coating adhesive to ensure the best bonding effect.

III. Exploration of working principle

(I) Molding process principle

1. Calendering method: Calendering method is one of the more common molding processes in the production of PVC decorative film. Its principle is to use multiple rollers of the calender to extend the plasticized PVC material under certain temperature and pressure conditions to make it a film with a specific thickness and width. First, the raw materials such as PVC resin, plasticizer, stabilizer, pigment, etc. are fully mixed by a high-speed mixer according to the precise formula ratio to make the various components evenly distributed. This step is crucial and directly affects the performance and quality of the subsequent film. The mixed material is transported to the plasticizer. Under the action of heating and stirring, the material gradually melts and plasticizes to become a uniform melt with good plasticity. The plasticized PVC melt enters the calender, which is usually composed of three rollers, four rollers or five rollers. The arrangement of the rollers is "L", "T", "F", "Z" and "S". Taking the four-roller "Z" type calender as an example, the melt first passes through the initial extrusion of the first pair of rollers to initially form a sheet of a certain thickness; then, the sheet passes through the subsequent rollers in turn, and under the pressure and temperature of the rollers, it is further calendered into a thinner and uniformly thick film. The temperature of the rollers is generally controlled between 160℃ and 200℃, and the pressure is adjusted according to the thickness and material requirements of the film. During the calendering process, in order to ensure the uniformity of the thickness and surface quality of the film, the speed, temperature and gap between the rollers need to be precisely controlled. The calendered film passes through a cooling device and is quickly cooled and shaped to maintain the stability of its shape and size. The cooled film is pulled to the winding device and wound into a coil, completing the entire calendering process. ​

2. Blow molding: Blow molding is also an important process for preparing PVC decorative film. The basic principle is to extrude the heated and molten PVC material through an extruder to form a tubular parison; then, blow compressed air into the parison to expand it in the mold, fit the inner wall of the mold, form a film with a certain thickness and shape, and finally cool it to shape. Before the blow molding process begins, the PVC raw materials must also be pretreated, including mixing, plasticizing and other steps to ensure the uniformity and plasticity of the raw materials. The plasticized PVC material is extruded through the screw of the extruder and extruded from the annular die of the die head to form a tubular parison. After the parison is extruded, it is immediately clamped by the mold. At the same time, a certain pressure of compressed air is blown into the parison through the blow pipe, so that the parison expands rapidly in the mold and fits closely to the inner wall of the mold, thereby obtaining the shape and size given by the mold. The key parameters in the blow molding process include blowing pressure, blow-up ratio and cooling rate. The blowing pressure determines the degree of expansion of the parison and the thickness distribution of the film, which is generally between 0.2MPa and 1MPa. The blow ratio refers to the ratio of the diameter of the film after blow molding to the diameter of the parison, which is usually controlled between 2 and 4. A suitable blow ratio can make the film have good mechanical properties and appearance quality. The cooling rate affects the crystallinity and dimensional stability of the film. Rapid cooling can reduce the crystallinity of the film and improve its transparency and flexibility. In order to improve production efficiency and product quality, modern blow molding processes often use some auxiliary technologies, such as multi-layer co-extrusion blow molding, which can make PVC decorative films have a variety of layer structures with different properties to meet different usage requirements; and stretch blow molding, which can further improve the strength, transparency and barrier properties of the film by stretching the parison during the blow molding process. After the blow-molded film is subjected to post-processing processes such as demoulding and trimming, the finished PVC decorative film can be obtained. ​

(II) Principle of achieving decorative effect​

1. Printing process: Printing is an important means to give PVC decorative films rich colors and realistic patterns. Common printing processes include gravure printing, flexographic printing and screen printing. The principle of gravure printing is that on the gravure printing plate, the image part is lower than the blank part, and the depth of the concave varies with the level of the image. When printing, the ink is first filled into the image part of the gravure, and then the ink in the blank part is scraped off by a scraper, leaving only the ink in the image part. Then, under the action of pressure, the ink on the printing plate is transferred to the surface of the PVC decorative film to form a clear pattern. Gravure printing has the advantages of thick ink layer, bright colors, and high printing quality. It can delicately present various complex patterns and textures, such as realistic wood grain and stone grain. Flexographic printing uses elastic printing plates to transfer ink through anilox rollers for printing. The image part on the printing plate is raised, and the blank part is concave. The ink is evenly transferred to the image part of the printing plate through the anilox roller, and then the ink is transferred to the PVC decorative film under the action of pressure. Flexographic printing has the advantages of fast printing speed, low cost, and environmental protection. It is suitable for large-scale production of some PVC decorative films with relatively low requirements for pattern accuracy. Screen printing is to transfer the ink to the PVC decorative film through the mesh of the image part through the extrusion of the scraper, forming the same image as the original. Screen printing can print a pattern with a strong three-dimensional sense and has strong adaptability to the substrate, but the printing speed is relatively slow and the efficiency is low. In the printing process, in order to ensure the printing quality, it is necessary to strictly control the parameters such as the performance of the ink, printing pressure, and printing speed. At the same time, it is also necessary to select the appropriate printing process and ink type according to the purpose of the decorative film and customer needs. For example, PVC decorative film used for interior decoration may choose environmentally friendly ink to reduce the impact on the human body and the environment. ​

2. Embossing process: The embossing process can add unique texture and texture to the PVC decorative film, making it more three-dimensional and realistic. The embossing process is usually achieved by an embossing machine after the PVC decorative film is formed. The embossing machine consists of a pair of embossing rollers with concave and convex patterns, one of which is the active roller and the other is the driven roller. When the PVC decorative film passes through this pair of embossing rollers, under certain temperature and pressure, the surface of the decorative film will be pressed out with a concave and convex texture consistent with the pattern of the embossing roller. For example, to make a PVC decorative film with a leather texture, an embossing roller with a leather texture will be used. By precisely controlling the embossing temperature between 80℃ - 120℃ and the pressure between 0.5MPa - 2MPa, a realistic leather texture is formed on the surface of the decorative film. The embossing process can not only improve the aesthetics of the decorative film, but also enhance its wear resistance and anti-slip properties to a certain extent. In some application scenarios with high requirements for surface texture, such as floor decorative film, furniture decorative film, etc., the embossing process has been widely used. In order to obtain a better embossing effect, it is necessary to select a suitable embossing roller and embossing parameters according to the material and thickness of the decorative film. At the same time, before embossing, the decorative film needs to be preheated to make it easier to deform, so as to better replicate the pattern of the embossing roller.​

3. Lamination process: The lamination process is to compound films or materials of different materials together to give the PVC decorative film more functions and characteristics, and also to create a unique decorative effect. Common lamination methods are dry lamination and wet lamination. Dry lamination is to first apply adhesive on the surface of a layer of film, and then remove the solvent by drying to make the adhesive sticky; then, another layer of film is laminated to it, and under a certain pressure, the two layers of film are firmly bonded together. For example, when making a PVC decorative film with wear and scratch resistance, a layer of transparent PET film can be laminated on the surface of the PVC decorative film through a dry lamination process. The PET film can not only improve the wear and scratch resistance of the decorative film, but also increase its glossiness and enhance the overall decorative effect. Wet lamination is to directly apply liquid adhesive between the two layers of film, and then immediately laminate them. The adhesive is cured by heating or natural drying to achieve the bonding of the two layers of film. The wet lamination process is relatively simple and low-cost, but it has high requirements for the selection of adhesives and the coating process to ensure the quality and stability of the lamination. In the production of some PVC decorative films that require special functions, such as decorative films with waterproof and moisture-proof functions, the lamination process will be used to compound the waterproof film with the PVC decorative film. The lamination process can also laminate films with patterns or textures with PVC decorative films, further enriching the decorative effect of the decorative film and meeting the personalized needs of different consumers.

IV. List of significant advantages​

(I) Decorative advantages​

PVC decorative film is unique in its decorativeness, and its richness of colors and textures is amazing. From the fresh and elegant Nordic light-colored wood grain to the retro and deep Chinese walnut texture, from the realistic natural marble texture, such as the delicate white cloud pattern with gray veins, to the fashionable geometric patterns, abstract art patterns, and even the artistic imitation leather texture, whether it is the pursuit of simplicity and modernity, or the passion for retro and gorgeous, or the love of individual art decoration style, PVC decorative film can accurately match. For example, in the decoration of some high-end hotels, in order to create a luxurious atmosphere, PVC decorative film with imitation marble texture will be used to decorate the walls and columns. Its realistic texture and texture not only enhances the grade of the space, but also reduces the decoration cost. Moreover, PVC decorative film is also highly customizable. For some customers with special design needs, such as corporate brand image display space, personalized home customization, etc., exclusive colors and patterns can be customized according to the design draft or creativity provided by the customer. Through advanced printing and embossing technology, unique logos, patterns or textures are accurately presented on the decorative film to meet customers' pursuit of personalization and differentiation and create a unique decorative effect. ​

(II) Physical performance advantages

In terms of physical performance, PVC decorative film performs well. It has high strength and high toughness, which enables it to maintain good shape and structural stability when facing various external forces. For example, in furniture manufacturing, the board covered with PVC decorative film is not easy to break or deform even if it is subjected to a certain degree of collision or extrusion, which can effectively protect the board and extend the service life of the furniture. At the same time, its tear resistance is also very good. In daily use, such as frequent opening and closing of cabinet doors and drawers, the PVC decorative film will not be easily torn, ensuring the durability of the decorative effect. Moreover, the wear resistance of PVC decorative film is also very outstanding. In public places with large traffic, such as shopping malls and office buildings, in the floor decoration, even after long-term trampling and friction, the PVC decorative film can still maintain a smooth and flat surface, and is not easy to show signs of wear, reducing the cost and trouble of frequent replacement of decorative materials. Its excellent physical properties provide a solid guarantee for its wide application in various complex environments. ​

(III) Advantages of chemical properties​

The chemical properties of PVC decorative film are also remarkable. First, it has excellent weather resistance and can maintain stable performance under different climatic conditions. Whether in hot tropical areas, cold and dry polar areas, or humid and rainy coastal areas, PVC decorative film will not experience significant performance degradation due to changes in environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light. For example, in outdoor building decoration, PVC decorative film is exposed to the sun for a long time, will not fade or age easily, and can always maintain bright colors and good physical properties. Secondly, PVC decorative film is also very corrosion-resistant and can resist the erosion of a variety of chemicals. In some chemical laboratories, industrial plants and other environments, there may be corrosive chemicals such as acids and alkalis. PVC decorative film can effectively resist the corrosion of these substances and protect the substrate from damage. In addition, it also has good chemical stability. During normal use, it will not react chemically with other substances, ensuring its safety and reliability.​

(IV) Processing performance advantages​

The processing performance of PVC decorative film is extremely good, which is one of the important reasons why it can be widely used in many fields. It is easy to process and shape, and can be made into products of various shapes and sizes through a variety of processing techniques, such as hot pressing, laminating, printing, embossing, etc. In actual production, according to different application requirements, PVC decorative film can be processed into flat plates, curved pipes, special-shaped parts, etc. For example, in architectural decoration, in order to meet the modeling requirements of different walls and ceilings, PVC decorative film can be hot-pressed into various arcs and shapes, easily achieving unique design effects. Moreover, PVC decorative film has good compatibility with various substrates and can be firmly attached to the surfaces of various materials such as wood boards, metal boards, plastic boards, etc., which provides convenience for diversified decorative applications. Its processing process is relatively simple, with high production efficiency, and can quickly meet the market's large demand for decorative materials. ​

(V) Economic performance advantages​

From the perspective of economic performance, PVC decorative film has obvious cost advantages. On the one hand, its raw material polyvinyl chloride is widely available and relatively cheap, which greatly reduces the production cost of PVC decorative film compared to some natural materials, such as natural wood and stone. In furniture manufacturing, using PVC decorative film instead of natural wood for surface decoration can not only reduce material costs, but also reduce dependence on scarce wood resources. On the other hand, the installation and maintenance costs of PVC decorative film are also low. It is light in weight, easy to carry and install, and can save a lot of manpower and time costs. Moreover, due to its good physical and chemical properties, it is not easy to be damaged during use, and maintenance is simple. It only needs to be cleaned regularly, which reduces the cost of later maintenance and replacement. Overall, PVC decorative film can bring users long-term and stable decorative effects with its low cost investment, and it is extremely cost-effective. ​

(VI) Environmental performance advantages

In terms of environmental performance, PVC decorative film also has outstanding performance. Generally speaking, the raw materials for producing PVC decorative film are specially refined, and toxic substances are completely removed, making PVC decorative film non-toxic and odorless, and no irritation to human skin and respiratory system. For those who are allergic to wood and paint, furniture or kitchenware wrapped in PVC decorative film is an ideal choice. In addition, PVC decorative film is also recyclable. When the decorative film reaches the end of its service life, it can be recycled through professional recycling processes, reducing waste emissions to the environment and meeting the requirements of today's society for environmental protection and sustainable development. In the context of advocating green environmental protection, the environmental performance of PVC decorative film makes it more competitive in the decorative materials market.

V. Operation Instructions Guide​

(I) Preparation before installation​

Before installing PVC decorative film, a series of meticulous and critical preparations are indispensable. First of all, cleaning and leveling the surface of the base layer is of utmost importance. The flatness of the base layer surface directly affects the pasting effect of the PVC decorative film. If the base layer has problems such as unevenness, cracks or holes, bubbles, wrinkles and even falling off of the decorative film will appear after pasting. Therefore, it is necessary to use sandpaper to polish the raised parts of the base surface to make it flat and smooth; for cracks and holes, fill them with filling materials and ensure that the filling is flush with the surrounding surface. At the same time, be sure to use a detergent to thoroughly remove oil, dust, impurities, etc. on the surface of the base layer, because these pollutants will reduce the adhesion between the decorative film and the base layer and affect the firmness of the pasting. For example, when installing PVC decorative film on kitchen cabinets, due to the high oil content in the kitchen environment, if it is not thoroughly cleaned, the decorative film will easily fall off in a short time. ​

Accurate measurement of dimensions is also a crucial link. Accurately measuring the size of the object or space to be decorated can ensure that the selected PVC decorative film is of the right size and avoid being too large or too small. A decorative film that is too large needs to be cut after pasting, which not only wastes materials but also may affect the appearance; a decorative film that is too small cannot completely cover the base layer and cannot achieve the expected decorative effect. When measuring, use professional measuring tools such as tape measures, levels, etc., and take the average value of multiple measurements to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data. For example, when installing PVC decorative film on the wall, the height and width of the wall should be measured separately, and the size of the openings such as doors and windows should be considered at the same time, so as to accurately cut the decorative film. ​

Preparing the right tools and materials should also not be ignored. Common installation tools include scrapers, scrapers, scissors, utility knives, rollers, brushes, etc. Scrapers and rollers are used to remove the air between the decorative film and the base layer during the pasting process, so that the decorative film fits tightly to the base layer; scrapers and utility knives are used to cut the decorative film to ensure that its size and shape meet the requirements; brushes are used to apply glue (for non-self-adhesive decorative films). In terms of materials, in addition to the PVC decorative film itself, you also need to prepare the corresponding adhesive (if it is a self-adhesive decorative film, there is no need to prepare adhesive, but pay attention to the integrity of the protective film), cleaning agents, desiccants and other auxiliary materials. The choice of adhesive should be determined according to the material of the PVC decorative film and the type of the base layer to ensure good bonding between the two. For example, for a wooden base layer, you can choose an adhesive specifically for wood bonding; for a metal base layer, you need to choose an adhesive that can bond well with metal. ​

(II) Detailed explanation of the installation process​

PVC decorative films are mainly divided into self-adhesive and non-self-adhesive types according to their different pasting methods, and they each have different installation processes and key points. ​

1. Installation of self-adhesive PVC decorative film: When installing self-adhesive PVC decorative film, first carefully peel off the protective film on the back of the decorative film. During the peeling process, pay attention to the uniform speed to avoid tearing the protective film or static electricity on the surface of the decorative film to absorb dust. For example, starting from one corner of the decorative film, slowly separate the protective film from the decorative film, and gently press the decorative film with your hand to prevent it from curling. Then, align one end of the decorative film with the position to be pasted and gently place it on the surface of the base. When placing it, ensure that the position is accurate and avoid offset. You can mark the position on the base first for better positioning. Then, use a scraper or roller to start from one end of the decorative film and gently scrape or roll it to the other end to make the decorative film fit tightly with the base, and at the same time expel the air between the decorative film and the base. During the scraping or rolling process, pay attention to uniform force to avoid bubbles or wrinkles. If small bubbles appear, pierce them with a toothpick or needle tip, and then use a scraper or roller to squeeze out the air. When encountering a situation where the decorative film needs to be cut, use scissors or a utility knife to cut it according to the required size and shape. When cutting, pay attention to keeping the edges neat to avoid burrs that affect the appearance. For example, when pasting decorative film on the surface of furniture, the corners of the furniture should be accurately cut according to the shape of the corners so that the decorative film can fit perfectly. ​

2. Installation of non-self-adhesive PVC decorative film: The installation of non-self-adhesive PVC decorative film is relatively complicated. First, apply the adhesive evenly on the surface of the base. When applying the adhesive, use a brush or scraper to ensure that the adhesive is evenly applied and the thickness is moderate. The thickness of the adhesive is generally controlled between 0.1mm and 0.3mm. If it is too thick, the adhesive will take too long to dry and it is easy to overflow; if it is too thin, it will affect the bonding effect. Then, align the PVC decorative film with the base with the adhesive applied and place it carefully. When placing it, pay attention to the accurate position to avoid deviation. Then, use a scraper or roller to fit the decorative film to the base from the center to the surroundings, and at the same time expel the air and excess adhesive between the decorative film and the base. During the bonding process, pay attention to observe the surface of the decorative film to ensure that there are no bubbles or wrinkles. If bubbles or wrinkles are found, deal with them in time. When dealing with bubbles, you can first puncture the bubbles with a needle tip, and then use a scraper to squeeze out the air; when dealing with wrinkles, you can gently lift the decorative film and readjust the position before bonding. For large-area decorative film pasting, the segmented pasting method can be adopted. First fix one end of the decorative film, and then gradually paste it to the other end. This can better control the position and fitting effect of the decorative film. After pasting, the adhesive should be fully dried and cured. The drying time depends on the type of adhesive and the ambient temperature, humidity and other factors. It usually takes 24 hours to 48 hours. Before the adhesive is completely dried and cured, avoid touching or colliding the decorative film to avoid affecting the bonding effect.
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(III) Precautions during the construction process

During the construction process of PVC decorative film, there are many precautions that need to be strictly followed to ensure the construction quality and decorative effect. First, avoid scratching the surface of the decorative film. The surface of PVC decorative film is relatively soft and is easily scratched by sharp objects during construction, which affects its appearance and service life. Therefore, when carrying, cutting and pasting decorative film, avoid contact with sharp tools or objects. For example, when using a scraper or scraper, make sure that its edge is smooth and has no sharp edges; when placing the decorative film, choose a flat surface to avoid friction between the decorative film and the rough ground or other objects. If the decorative film is accidentally scratched, minor scratches can be repaired with a special repair agent, and more serious scratches may require the decorative film to be replaced. ​

It is also crucial to keep the construction site clean. Dust, impurities and other pollutants will adhere to the surface or base of the decorative film, affecting the pasting effect and aesthetics of the decorative film. Before construction, the construction site should be thoroughly cleaned to remove dust and debris from the ground, walls and other surfaces. During the construction process, minimize the movement of personnel to avoid bringing in new dust. At the same time, pay attention to protecting the decorative film to prevent it from being contaminated. For example, when cutting the decorative film, do it on a clean workbench to avoid the decorative film from contacting the dust on the ground; when pasting the decorative film, make sure your hands are clean to avoid stains on your hands from being contaminated on the decorative film. ​

Ambient temperature and humidity also have a great impact on the construction of PVC decorative film. Generally speaking, the appropriate construction temperature is 15℃ - 30℃ and the relative humidity is 40% - 70%. In an environment with too low temperature, the drying speed of the adhesive will slow down, and it may not even dry and solidify, affecting the bonding effect; at the same time, the decorative film will become stiff, difficult to fit, and prone to wrinkles. In an environment with too high temperature, the adhesive may dry too quickly, resulting in no time to adjust the position of the decorative film during the pasting process, and it may also cause the decorative film to deform. Excessive humidity will make the surface of the base moist, affecting the bonding force of the adhesive and causing the decorative film to fall off easily; too low humidity will cause static electricity on the surface of the decorative film, absorb dust, and affect the appearance. Therefore, before construction, pay attention to the ambient temperature and humidity. If they do not meet the requirements, take appropriate measures to adjust them, such as using air conditioning to adjust the temperature, and using a dehumidifier or humidifier to adjust the humidity.

VI. Precautions for use

(I) Precautions for daily use

During the daily use of PVC decorative film, many details are related to its service life and decorative effect, and special attention should be paid. Sharp objects are the enemy of PVC decorative film. Sharp objects such as knives, keys, and pen tips in daily life can easily cause scratches once they come into contact with the surface of the decorative film. These scratches will not only destroy the beauty of the decorative film, but also make the scratched area more susceptible to stains, affecting its cleanliness and overall performance. For example, when using furniture covered with PVC decorative film, if a knife is placed on it at will, the decorative film will be scratched if it is not careful. Therefore, sharp objects should be avoided from being placed directly on the surface of the decorative film. If sharp tools need to be used nearby, be careful to prevent accidental scratches. ​

Impacts from heavy objects can also damage PVC decorative film. Although PVC decorative film has certain strength and toughness, it may still be dented or cracked when facing a large impact force. When moving furniture or other heavy objects, avoid collisions with the surface of the decorative film. For example, when moving large appliances, if the corners of the appliances accidentally hit the wall with PVC decorative film, the decorative film may be damaged, which will affect the overall decorative effect of the wall. For items placed on the surface of PVC decorative film, pay attention to their weight and avoid placing heavy items for a long time to avoid deformation of the decorative film. ​

High temperature and open flames are also factors that need to be kept away from PVC decorative film. Although PVC decorative film has a certain degree of heat resistance, its physical properties may change in high temperature environments, such as softening and deformation. In severe cases, it may even cause the decorative film to melt and decompose, releasing harmful gases. Open flames directly threaten the safety of decorative films. Once contacted, it is very easy to cause fires. When using PVC decorative film in high temperature environments such as kitchens, be careful to keep a certain distance from heat sources such as stoves and ovens to avoid damage to the decorative film due to heat. At the same time, it is strictly forbidden to use open flames near the decorative film, such as smoking and lighting candles.
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(II) Special environment precautions ​

When PVC decorative film is in a humid environment, it needs to be handled with caution. Although the PVC decorative film itself has certain waterproof properties, it is still possible for moisture to penetrate between the decorative film and the substrate in a high humidity environment for a long time, causing the adhesive to fail and the decorative film to bubble and fall off. When using PVC decorative film in areas that are often exposed to water, such as bathrooms and kitchens, ensure that the surface is properly waterproofed, such as using waterproof adhesives during installation and sealing the edges of the decorative film to prevent moisture from penetrating. At the same time, the surface water should be cleaned up in time and kept dry. If water droplets are found on the surface of the decorative film, they should be wiped dry with a dry cloth as soon as possible to avoid the water droplets staying for a long time. ​

Direct sunlight also affects PVC decorative film. When exposed to sunlight for a long time, PVC decorative film may fade and age due to ultraviolet rays, losing its original bright colors and luster. In order to reduce the impact of direct sunlight, when using PVC decorative film in areas that are easily exposed to sunlight, such as near windows, sunshade facilities such as curtains and blinds can be installed to block the sunlight. For decorative films that have faded slightly, their color and protective properties can be restored to a certain extent by reapplying protective paint, but if the fading is serious, the decorative film may need to be replaced. ​

Problems may also occur when PVC decorative films come into contact with chemicals. Many chemicals, such as acids, alkalis, organic solvents, etc., may react chemically with PVC decorative films, causing their performance to deteriorate, such as discoloration, corrosion, and dissolution. When using PVC decorative films in environments such as chemical laboratories and industrial plants, choose decorative films that are resistant to chemical corrosion and avoid direct contact with chemicals. If accidentally exposed to chemicals, rinse immediately with plenty of clean water and treat accordingly according to the damage to the decorative film. For example, if there are slight signs of corrosion on the surface of the decorative film, a special repair agent can be used to repair it; if the corrosion is severe and affects the use function of the decorative film, it needs to be replaced in time.

VII. Maintenance and cleaning methods

(I) Maintenance points

Regular inspection of the condition of PVC decorative film is the basis of maintenance work. Every once in a while, carefully check whether there are scratches, bubbles, wrinkles, shedding and other phenomena on the surface of the decorative film. For example, for PVC decorative film used in homes, a comprehensive inspection should be carried out at least once a month; for public places with large traffic, such as shopping malls and hotels, inspections can be carried out once a week to detect potential problems in time. Once small damage to the decorative film is found, such as slight scratches or small bubbles, it should be repaired immediately. For slight scratches, a special PVC repair agent can be used, the repair agent can be evenly applied to the scratch, and then gently wiped with a soft cloth to make it flush with the surface of the decorative film to restore its smoothness and beauty; for small bubbles, the bubbles can be punctured with a needle, and then the air can be squeezed out with a scraper or roller to make the decorative film fit back on the substrate. At the same time, avoid long-term heavy pressure on the PVC decorative film. When placing items, try to disperse the weight and avoid concentrating it in a certain area to prevent the decorative film from being deformed or damaged due to long-term pressure. For example, when using a tabletop covered with PVC decorative film, do not place heavy items in the same position for a long time, and change the placement of items regularly. ​

(II) Cleaning steps and methods​

When dust appears on the surface of the PVC decorative film, the easiest way is to use a clean feather duster to gently dust the surface, or wipe it with a soft dry cloth. Both methods can easily remove surface dust without damaging the decorative film. If you encounter ordinary stains, such as fingerprints, water stains, etc., you can first wipe it gently with a slightly damp soft cloth. If the stain is more stubborn, add an appropriate amount of neutral detergent to the water, stir evenly, dip a soft cloth in the solution, gently wipe the stain, then rinse with clean water, and then wipe it dry with a dry cloth. For example, for PVC decorative films stained with oil in the kitchen, you can use a solution diluted with detergent to clean it, which can effectively remove the oil stains. For some special stains, such as oily marker marks, glue residues, etc., special cleaning methods are required. For oily marker marks, you can use alcohol or special PVC cleaners to wipe them, but be careful to test them in a small area in an inconspicuous place before use to ensure that the decorative film will not fade or be damaged. When using, pour alcohol or detergent on a soft cloth, gently wipe the marks until the marks disappear, then rinse with clean water and wipe dry. For glue residue, you can first blow the hot air of a hair dryer at the glue to soften the glue, then gently wipe it with an eraser or soft cloth to remove the glue. ​

(III) Cleaning precautions​

When cleaning PVC decorative film, it is strictly forbidden to use corrosive cleaners containing alcohol, benzene, acetone and other ingredients. These chemicals will react chemically with PVC, causing the surface of the decorative film to fade, deform, dissolve, etc., seriously affecting its appearance and service life. At the same time, avoid using hard cleaning tools such as steel wool, hard brushes, and sandpaper, which will leave scratches on the surface of the decorative film, destroy the surface structure of the decorative film, and reduce its appearance and protective performance. The cleaning frequency should not be too high. Excessive cleaning may cause wear and tear on the surface coating of the decorative film, affecting its protective effect. Generally speaking, for PVC decorative films in homes, it is sufficient to clean them 1-2 times a week; for PVC decorative films in public places, the cleaning frequency can be appropriately increased according to the actual pollution situation, but attention should also be paid to controlling the intensity and method.

VIII. Application Field Display

(I) Home Decoration Field

In the field of home decoration, PVC decorative film is widely used and plays an important role in beautifying the home environment and improving its functions.

1. Furniture: PVC decorative film is widely used on the surface of furniture. Whether it is wardrobes, cabinets, tables and chairs or beds, it can be seen. In terms of wardrobes, PVC decorative film can be tightly attached to the surface of wardrobe door panels through flat pasting or vacuum forming process. Its rich selection of colors and textures, such as realistic oak grain, fashionable modern simple patterns, etc., can meet the aesthetic needs of different consumers and give wardrobes a unique appearance style. At the same time, PVC decorative film can also effectively protect wardrobe door panels from scratches, impacts, moisture and other factors, and extend the service life of wardrobes. On cabinets, due to the special kitchen environment and frequent contact with oil smoke, water vapor, etc., the water resistance, corrosion resistance and easy cleaning characteristics of PVC decorative film are particularly important. It can prevent the cabinet from deformation and mold due to moisture. At the same time, the stains on the surface can be removed by gently wiping with a damp cloth, which greatly facilitates daily cleaning and maintenance. For tables and chairs, PVC decorative film not only provides a similar touch and appearance to solid wood, but also has better wear resistance, can withstand frequent friction in daily use, and maintain beauty and integrity. ​

2. Wall: PVC decorative film can be used for wall decoration, adding rich colors and unique textures to the wall. It can be directly pasted on the wall base, and the construction is simple and fast, without complicated decoration procedures. For example, on the wall of the children's room, choosing PVC decorative film with cartoon patterns or bright colors can create a lively and interesting space atmosphere and meet the personalized needs of children; in the bedroom, using PVC decorative film with soft tones and delicate textures can create a warm and comfortable resting environment. In addition, PVC decorative film can also play a certain protective role on the wall, preventing the wall from being scratched and dirty, and extending the service life of the wall. ​

3. Ground: Some PVC decorative films can be used for ground decoration, such as PVC floor leather. It has a soft texture and can provide a certain buffering effect, making it more comfortable to walk on. Moreover, PVC floor leather has good anti-slip performance, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of slipping accidents, and is especially suitable for families with elderly people and children. Its rich color and pattern selection can imitate the effects of various floor materials such as wooden floors and tiles to meet the needs of different decoration styles. At the same time, the installation and replacement of PVC floor leather are very convenient, and the cost is relatively low. It is an economical and affordable floor decoration option. ​

4. Ceiling: In terms of ceiling decoration, PVC decorative film can also play a role. Some ceiling materials will use PVC decorative film for surface decoration, and add unique visual effects to the ceiling through different colors and texture designs. For example, the use of PVC decorative film with a metallic texture can create a simple and fashionable modern style; choosing PVC decorative film with retro patterns can create an elegant retro atmosphere. In addition, PVC decorative film can also protect the ceiling from moisture, oxidation and other factors. ​

(II) Commercial space field​

In the field of commercial space, PVC decorative film is widely used in various scenes with its unique advantages, providing a variety of solutions for the creation of commercial environment.​

1. Stores: Various stores, such as clothing stores, jewelry stores, restaurants, etc., often use PVC decorative films to enhance the overall image of the store. In clothing stores, in order to create a unique shopping atmosphere and attract customers' attention, fashionable and personalized PVC decorative films are used to decorate walls, display racks, etc. For example, the use of PVC decorative films with geometric patterns or popular colors can reflect the fashion taste of the store and complement the display of clothing. In jewelry stores, in order to highlight the exquisiteness and uniqueness of the accessories, PVC decorative films with high gloss and delicate texture are selected to make the accessories more dazzling against the background. In restaurants, considering the problems of oil stains and cleaning, oil-resistant and easy-to-clean PVC decorative films are used to decorate walls and desktops. For example, some fast food restaurants use PVC decorative films with smooth surfaces and easy to wipe, which are convenient for quickly cleaning the desktop during peak hours and keeping the store environment clean. ​

2. Shopping malls: As a large commercial complex, shopping malls have more diversified demands for decorative materials. PVC decorative film is widely used in the walls, columns, and floors of shopping malls. In the public areas of shopping malls, such as corridors and halls, PVC decorative film is used to decorate the walls, which can create an overall and harmonious space atmosphere through a unified design style. At the same time, PVC decorative film can also be used for advertising display in shopping malls. The advertising pattern is printed on the PVC decorative film and then pasted on the display rack or wall, which has good display effect and durability. In the ground decoration of shopping malls, PVC floor leather is widely used in some areas with large traffic, such as supermarkets and children's play areas, because of its anti-slip, wear-resistant and easy-to-clean characteristics. It can not only ensure the safety of customers' walking, but also reduce maintenance costs. ​

3. Hotel: As a place that provides accommodation and catering services for customers, the hotel has high requirements for the comfort and beauty of the environment. PVC decorative film plays an important role in the hotel's guest rooms, restaurants, lobbies and other areas. In the guest rooms, using PVC decorative film to decorate walls and furniture can create a warm and comfortable living environment. For example, choose PVC decorative film with soft tones and natural textures to imitate the texture of wood or leather, so that customers can feel the warmth of home. In the hotel restaurant, in order to meet the needs of different dining atmospheres, different styles of PVC decorative films will be selected. For example, in the Western restaurant, the European classical style PVC decorative film is used, matched with exquisite tableware and lighting to create a romantic and elegant dining environment; in the Chinese restaurant, the Chinese style PVC decorative film is selected to show a rich cultural heritage. In the hotel lobby, PVC decorative film can be used to decorate columns, walls, etc., and through unique design and color matching, it shows the high-end quality and unique charm of the hotel. ​

4. Office: The office is a place where people work daily, and there are certain requirements for the functionality and aesthetics of the environment. The application of PVC decorative film in the office is mainly reflected in walls, desktops and partitions. In wall decoration, the use of PVC decorative film can be designed according to the company's culture and style to create a professional and comfortable office environment. For example, some technology companies will choose PVC decorative films with a modern and simple style to reflect the company's innovative spirit and efficient work philosophy; while some traditional companies will choose more stable and atmospheric PVC decorative films to show the company's strength and heritage. On the office desktop, PVC decorative film can protect the desktop and prevent scratches. At the same time, it can also add vitality and vigor to the monotonous desktop through different colors and patterns. In addition, PVC decorative film can also be used for office partition decoration, integrating the partition with the overall office environment to improve the utilization rate and aesthetics of the space. ​

(III) Industrial field​

In the industrial field, PVC decorative film has been widely used in equipment housing, instruments, pipelines, etc. due to its excellent performance, providing strong support for the normal operation of industrial production and the protection of equipment. ​

1. Equipment housing: The housing of many industrial equipment will use PVC decorative film for surface decoration and protection. PVC decorative film has good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and can effectively resist various erosions in the industrial environment, such as dust, oil, chemicals, etc., to protect the equipment housing from damage and extend the service life of the equipment. At the same time, PVC decorative film can also make the equipment shell more eye-catching and beautiful through different colors and pattern designs, which is convenient for operators to identify and operate. For example, on some chemical equipment, the use of corrosion-resistant PVC decorative film can prevent the equipment shell from being corroded by chemical substances; on some power equipment, the use of PVC decorative film with warning signs can remind operators to pay attention to safety. ​

2. Instruments: As important equipment for measurement, control and monitoring in industrial production, instruments and meters have high requirements for their appearance and performance. PVC decorative film can be applied to the shell and control panel of instruments and meters. In terms of the shell, PVC decorative film can protect instruments and meters from the influence of the external environment. At the same time, through exquisite design and craftsmanship, the appearance of instruments and meters is more beautiful and exquisite, and the overall quality of the product is improved. On the control panel, PVC decorative film can print various logos, symbols and texts to facilitate operators to operate and read data. In addition, PVC decorative film also has good insulation properties, which can ensure the electrical safety of instruments and meters.
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3. Pipeline: In industrial pipeline systems, PVC decorative film also has certain applications. It can be used for surface protection of pipelines to prevent pipelines from being damaged by corrosion, wear and other damage. At the same time, by printing the pipeline logo, medium name, flow direction and other information on the PVC decorative film, it is convenient for the staff to identify and manage the pipeline system. For example, in the pipeline system of some petrochemical enterprises, the use of PVC decorative film with oil resistance and corrosion resistance can effectively protect the pipeline and reduce maintenance costs; in the water supply and drainage pipelines of some municipal projects, the use of PVC decorative film with logos is convenient for staff to conduct inspections and repairs.

IX. Market Status and Future Trends

(I) Market Status Analysis

In recent years, the PVC decorative film market has shown a booming trend, and the market size continues to expand. From a global perspective, the global PVC film market size reached a considerable level in 2023, and data from many research institutions show its important position in the field of decorative materials. In China, as one of the world's largest PVC production and consumption countries, the PVC decorative film market is also growing strongly. In 2023, the scale of China's PVC film market has increased significantly compared with the past, mainly due to the stable development of the domestic economy, the acceleration of urbanization and the continued prosperity of the building decoration industry. ​

In the PVC decorative film market, there are many well-known companies and brands. Internationally, Haining Dilong Yongfu New Material Co., Ltd., with its advanced production technology and strict quality control, occupies an important share in the high-end PVC decorative film market. Its products are favored by developed countries such as Europe and the United States for their excellent performance and exquisite color design; Haining Dilong Yongfu New Material Co., Ltd. has a high reputation worldwide for its rich product lines and extensive market channels, and its products cover multiple application fields such as home and business. In China, Haining Dilong Yongfu New Material Co., Ltd. has been focusing on the research and development and production of PVC decorative films for many years. Through continuous innovation and technological upgrading, it has become one of the leading brands in the domestic market. Its products are not only widely used in architectural decoration projects in major cities in China, but also gradually expanded to the international market; Haining Dilong Yongfu New Material Co., Ltd. has won the recognition of many customers with its personalized customization services and rapid market response capabilities, especially in small and medium-sized decoration projects. ​

At present, the competition pattern of the PVC decorative film market is relatively complex and fierce. Large enterprises have a dominant position in the market with their advantages in capital, technology, and brand. They meet the needs of different customer groups through large-scale production and diversified product lines, and further consolidate their market share by continuously expanding market channels and strengthening brand promotion. For example, some internationally renowned companies have achieved optimal resource allocation and rapid market response by establishing production bases and sales networks around the world. Small and medium-sized enterprises, on the other hand, seek development space in the market through differentiated competition strategies, such as focusing on a certain market segment, providing featured products or customized services. Some small enterprises focus on producing PVC decorative films with special textures or colors to meet the needs of specific customers for personalized decoration; some enterprises attract customers with price advantages by optimizing production processes and reducing costs. ​

(II) Future Trend Outlook​

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, technological innovation of PVC decorative films will become an important driving force for the development of the industry. In terms of production technology, intelligent and automated production will become the mainstream trend. Enterprises will introduce more advanced equipment and control systems to achieve precise control and efficient operation of the production process. For example, artificial intelligence technology is used to monitor and analyze production data in real time, and production parameters are adjusted in time to improve product quality and production efficiency; 3D printing technology is used to realize personalized customized production of PVC decorative films to meet customers' needs for unique patterns and shapes. ​

In terms of material research and development, more attention will be paid to the development of environmentally friendly and high-performance materials. The application of environmentally friendly materials such as bio-based PVC and recyclable PVC will continue to expand to meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations and consumer demand for green products. At the same time, PVC decorative films with special properties such as higher strength, better weather resistance, antibacterial and antiviral properties are developed to expand their application in more fields. Develop PVC decorative films with self-cleaning functions to make their surfaces less prone to stains and reduce cleaning and maintenance costs; develop PVC decorative films with electromagnetic shielding properties for the decoration of electronic equipment housings to protect equipment from electromagnetic interference. ​

In the future, with the improvement of people's living standards and the change of consumption concepts, the market demand for PVC decorative films will show a trend of diversification and personalization. In terms of decorative style, consumers will pursue more unique, fashionable and personalized designs. PVC decorative film companies need to continuously launch new colors, textures and patterns to meet the aesthetic needs of different consumers. For example, decorative films that integrate multiple cultural elements, or decorative films with abstract patterns with artistic creativity, will be loved by young consumers. In terms of application areas, in addition to traditional home, commercial and industrial fields, the application of PVC decorative films in emerging fields will continue to expand. In the field of smart home, PVC decorative film can be used for surface decoration of smart home appliances, combined with intelligent control systems to achieve better visual effects and interactive experience; in the field of new energy vehicles, it is used for automotive interior and body decoration to meet the development needs of lightweight and personalized vehicles. ​

On the whole, the PVC decorative film market will continue to maintain a growth trend in the future. Technological innovation will promote the improvement of product performance and quality, and the diversification of market demand will prompt companies to continuously innovate and expand their business areas. However, the industry is also facing challenges such as fluctuations in raw material prices, increased environmental pressure, and intensified market competition. Companies need to continuously strengthen technology research and development, optimize production processes, and enhance brand competitiveness to adapt to market changes and development.​

X. Summary and Outlook​

PVC decorative film, as a film material made of polyvinyl chloride as the main raw material, combined with a variety of additives and made through complex processes, has shown extraordinary charm in many fields with its unique structure and performance. From the perspective of chemical composition, polyvinyl chloride resin, plasticizer, stabilizer, lubricant and pigment cooperate with each other to give PVC decorative film rich physical, chemical and decorative properties. In terms of molding technology, processes such as calendering and blow molding enable PVC decorative film to be presented in a variety of forms; in terms of decorative effect realization, the clever use of processes such as printing, embossing and lamination enables it to have realistic textures and rich colors, satisfying people's pursuit of beauty and personalization. ​

PVC decorative film has significant advantages. Its excellent decorativeness, rich and diverse colors and textures, and customizability can meet various unique decorative needs. In terms of physical properties, its high strength, high toughness, tear resistance and wear resistance enable it to maintain a good condition in various environments. In terms of chemical properties, excellent weather resistance, corrosion resistance and chemical stability ensure its long-term and stable use effect. The advantages of processing performance are reflected in easy processing and good compatibility with a variety of substrates. In terms of economic performance, it has low cost, simple installation and maintenance, and extremely high cost performance. Environmental protection performance should not be ignored. It is non-toxic, odorless, recyclable, and in line with the environmental protection concept of today's society.

During the operation and use process, there are clear and detailed requirements for the preparation work before installation, the various links of the installation process, and the precautions during the construction process. Precautions for daily use and special environments, as well as the key points of maintenance and cleaning, all provide guarantees for the long-term and stable use of PVC decorative film. In the application field, PVC decorative film plays an important role in furniture, walls, floors and ceilings in home decoration, shops, shopping malls, hotels and offices in commercial spaces, and equipment housings, instruments and pipes in the industrial field, becoming a key material for improving space quality and equipment performance.

From the current market situation, the market scale of PVC decorative film continues to expand, the competition pattern is complex, and many companies are competing in this market full of opportunities. Looking into the future, technological innovation will promote the development of intelligent production processes and environmentally friendly and high-performance materials; market demand will become more diversified and personalized, and the expansion of applications in emerging fields will bring it a broader development space. Despite the challenges of raw material price fluctuations, environmental pressure and market competition, PVC decorative film will continue to shine in the future decorative materials market with its unique advantages and continuous innovative development trend, creating a more beautiful, comfortable and environmentally friendly living and working environment for people, and writing a more glorious chapter in the development process of various industries.